3× faster settling prevents cross-contamination. Novel reducer cleaves disulfides without DTT/β-mercaptoethanol toxicity. Use 1:4 (5X) or 1:1 (2X), heat at 95°C. SDS masks protein charges; bromophenol blue tracks migration

• Safe: DTT-free formulation, non-toxic and odorless.
• Stable: Long-term stability for reliable performance.
• Efficient: Novel reducing agent effectively cleaves disulfides and denatures proteins